可燃气体爆炸极限的理论计算与实验方法

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Method of Explosion Limit of Combustible Gas

爆炸极限是可燃气体爆炸危险性的重要参数之一,在预测爆炸风险、制定防爆措施等方面有重要的参考价值。单组分可燃气体可通过完全燃烧反应所需的氧原子数、化学计量浓度、含碳原子数、北川徽三法计算爆炸极限值;多元混合可燃气体爆炸极限的计算方法有Le Chatelier经验方程及其优化算法;常温下测量可燃气体爆炸极限有国标GB/T12474-2008、美标E681-09、美标E918-83、德国20L球形装置等四种实验方法;高温下测量可燃气体爆炸极限的方法是在常温方法的基础上,增加了在核心反应器外围采取空气浴、水浴或油浴对反应气预先升温这一实验过程,实验步骤可归纳为"抽真空-充气-升温-点火-判定-改变浓度重复试验"。

The explosion limit is one of the important parameters of the explosion risk of combustible gas,which has important reference value in predicting the explosion risk and formulating the explosion-proof measures.The explosion limit value of one-component combustible gas can be calculated by the number of oxygen atoms,stoichiometric concentration,carbon atoms and Beichuan Hui three method required for complete combustion reaction.The Le Chatelier empirical equation and its optimization algorithm are used to calculate the explosion limit of multi-element mixed combustible gas.There are four experimental methods for measuring the explosion limit of combustible gas at room temperature,such as GB/T12474-2008,E681-09,E918-83 and German 20 L spherical device.The method to measure the explosion limit of combustible gas at high temperature is to increase the experimental process of pre-heating reaction gas by air bath,water bath or oil bath at the periphery of the core reactor on the basis of the normal temperature method.The experimental procedure can be summarized as"vacuum extraction-inflation-heating-ignition-determination-repeated test of changing concentration".