从爱国救亡走向建立共产党——以《救国日报》为主要文献的考察

From Exploring Paths to National Salvation to Founding the CPC:A Study Based on the National Salvation Daily

1918年夏至1920年秋在上海出版的《救国日报》刊登了不少后来成为中国共产党重要人物的文字和关于他们活动的报道。从此报可以看到他们早年在反对日本侵略、反对卖国贼和反对北洋军阀的斗争中表现得十分坚决且突出。约1920年前后,该报和若干其他报刊上登的他们的文章及相关报道反映出这些人逐渐认识到:要救国救民,不能只靠向中外强权者喊话。此外,由于那时乌托邦式的社会实验也行不通,他们最终明白根本改造中国和世界必须进行社会主义革命,而这样的革命须依靠工人阶级,并以马克思主义为指导。这些文献展现出这批具有爱国和改革思想的知识分子是如何在努力探索救国之路中逐步走向建立无产阶级政党的。

The National Salvation Daily,a journal issued from the summer of 1918 to the autumn of 1920,published articles written by those who later became leading figures of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and covered movements they led at the time.Such articles and press coverage showed the resolve of those intellectuals in fighting against the Japanese invader,traitors and the Beiyang warlords.Articles published in this and several other journals around the year of 1920 revealed that the early communists in China became aware that being critical of the authorities and the foreign powers could not save the country and the people.Moreover,since Utopian social experiment did not work either at the same time,they came to understand that a fundamental transformation of China and the world should carry out a socialist revolution,which required the participation of the working class and the guidance of Marxism.These documents demonstrate how this group of patriotic and reform-minded intellectuals developed to founding a proletarian party in their effort to explore paths to national salvation.