桥梁板式橡胶支座运营病害及影响研究综述

Review on operating disease and effects of bridge plate rubber bearing

目前,板式橡胶支座已大量应用于中小跨径桥梁中。一方面,支座工作时可能受到高温、臭氧、盐蚀等多重环境因素影响,导致其材料性状呈时变特性,缩短支座的使用寿命。另一方面,由于支座本身质量参差不齐或梁体结构受力不合理,支座可能出现各式各样的病害问题,影响其原有的性能参数与受力体系,削弱承载能力和耗能能力,甚至降低桥梁结构的整体安全性和耐久性。针对上述问题,本文结合国内外相关研究成果,综述了板式橡胶支座的主要运营病害及其影响,从支座老化、支座脱空、支座剪切超限与鼓凸、掺入再生胶四个方面,分类阐述了上述病害的成因及后果,并就板式橡胶支座出现病害后的力学性能和未来研究发展方向提出自己的理解和想法。

Currently,plate rubber bearings have been widely used in small and medium span bridges.On the one hand,the bearing may be affected by multiple environmental factors such as high temperature,ozone,salt corrosion,etc.,causing its material properties to show time-varying characteristics and shorten the service life of the bearing.On the other hand,due to the uneven quality of the bearing itself or the unreasonable force of the beam structure,the various disease problems may occur in the bearing,which affects its original performance parameters and force system,weakens the bearing capacity and energy consumption capacity,and even reduces the overall safety and durability of the bridge structure.In response to the above problems,this article summarizes the main operating diseases of plate rubber bearings and its impacts on the bearings based on relevant research results at home and abroad.In addition,from the four aspects of aging of the bearings,the vacancy of the bearings,the shearing and bulging of the bearings,and the mixing of recycled rubber,the causes and consequences of the above-mentioned diseases are classified and explained.At last,the understandings and ideas are put forward on the mechanical properties of the plate rubber bearing after the disease and the development direction of future research of this type of bearing.