离蕊金花茶不同花期、不同花朵部位挥发性组分变化

Variation in the Aroma Fractions of Different Flowering Stages and Parts of the Flowers of Camellia liberofilamenta

离蕊金花茶是贵州特有金花茶组植物,其芳香浓郁。为探究离蕊金花茶不同花期、不同花朵部位香气变化规律,以离蕊金花茶花的不同花期(花蕾期、始花期、盛花期)、不同花朵部位(全花、花瓣、花蕊)为材料,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测其香气成分,结合感官评价分析离蕊金花茶挥发性组分变化情况。结果表明:不同花期均含醇类、醛类、酯类和萜烯类等物质,酸类仅在花蕾期;随着花朵不断开放,花香逐渐浓郁,香气物质种类及组分数量逐渐增多,醇类、醛类和萜烯类化合物总体呈上升趋势。不同花朵部位均含醇类、醛类和酯类物质,萜烯类仅在全花中检出,呋喃类在花蕊中检出。不同花期、不同花朵部位均以醇类物质为主,呈铃兰花香的芳樟醇尤为突出,相对含量远高于其他挥发性组分。不同花期均含有2-庚醇、芳樟醇、α-萜品醇、叶醇、2-戊醇、乙醛、水杨酸甲酯、肉桂酸甲酯和月桂烯等挥发性组分,水杨酸甲酯在花蕾期相对含量较高,肉桂酸甲酯在始花期较高,盛花期最少。不同花朵部位均含有2-庚醇、芳樟醇、叶醇、正己醇、正庚醇、乙醛和肉桂酸甲酯等挥发性组分,花瓣呈花香、略甜,以芳樟醇为主,其次为肉桂酸甲酯,花蕊呈花香、稍闷,以2-庚醇、芳樟醇和肉桂酸甲酯为主,花朵花香浓郁中以芳樟醇为主。离蕊金花茶不同花期、不同花朵部位的香气物质种类、组分及相对含量不同,相同组分不同花期、不同花朵部位相对含量也不同。这为离蕊金花茶释香变化提供了理论参考。

Camellia liberofilamenta is an endemic plant of the Camellia sinensis group in Guizhou,with a strong aroma.The aromatic components of the flowers were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS and analyzed in combination with sensory evaluation,using the bud stage,flower initiation stage,flowering stage(flowers),petals and stamens of Clary sage as materials.The results showed that the different flowering stages contained alcohols,aldehydes,esters and terpenoids,while acids were only present in the bud stage;as the flowers continued to open,the aroma gradually intensified and the number of aroma substances and components gradually increased,with an overall increasing trend of alcohols,aldehydes and terpenoids.Alcohols,aldehydes and esters were present in different parts of the flower,while terpenoids were only detected in the flowers and furans in the stamens.The alcohols were predominant at different flowering stages and in different parts of the flower,with linalool being particularly prominent in methyl cinnamate and lauricene were present in different flowering stages,with methyl salicylate being relativelyt he lily of the valley fragrance,with a much higher relative content than the other aroma components.The aroma components 2-heptanol,linalool,α-terpineol,leaf alcohol,2-pentanol,acetaldehyde,methyl salicylate,higher in the bud stage and methyl cinnamate being higher at the beginning of flowering and the least in the flowering stage.The flowers contain 2-heptanol,linalool,leaf alcohol,hexanol,n-heptanol,acetaldehyde and methyl cinnamate in different parts of the flower.The types,components and relative contents of the aroma substances of Camellia liberofilamenta differ between flowering stages and flower parts,and the relative contents of the same components differ between flowering stages and flower parts.This provides a theoretical reference for the variation of the aroma release of Camellia liberofilamenta.