阿联酋中文教育跨越式发展对海合会国家的启示

The Enlightenment of the Leap-forward Development of Chinese Education in the UAE to GCC Countries

阿联酋、阿曼、巴林、卡塔尔、科威特、沙特是海合会成员国,也是共建“一带一路”的重要国家。海湾六国在政治体制、经济结构、语言环境、教育体系、宗教文化方面具有相似之处,且各国中文教育发展基础都较为薄弱。中文纳入阿联酋国民教育体系后,阿联酋开设中文课程的学校数量和中文学习者数量迅速增加;中文课程框架、教学评估指南、本土中文教材、中国国际学校从无到有;阿联酋中文教育实现跨越式发展,其成功经验值得其他海合会成员国借鉴。研究发现,“向东看”政策为中阿交流创造了条件,全面合作增大了中文需求;高端合作机制推动了顶层设计,经贸往来提升了中文价值;人文交流促进了民心相通,助力了中文传播。本文提出,应准确抓住国际政治机遇,促使中文纳入其他海湾四国的国民教育体系,建立国别化、多维度的中外合作机制,从“顶层设计”和“底层需求”双向推动中文教育在海湾六国的全面发展。

UAE,Oman,Bahrain,Qatar,Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are members of the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)and also important countries along the“Belt and Road”.The six GCC countries share similarities in political system,economic structure,language environment,educational system and religious culture,and the development foundations of Chinese education in these countries are all relatively weak.After the inclusion of Chinese into the UAE's national education system,the number of schools offering Chinese courses and Chinese learners in the UAE has increased.Chinese language curriculum framework,Chinese assessment guide,local Chinese textbooks,Chinese international schools have developed from nothing.Chinese education in the UAE has achieved leap-frog development,and its successful experience is worthy learning for other GCC member states.The study finds that the“Looking Eastward”policy has created conditions for China-UAE exchanges and comprehensive cooperation has increased demand for Chinese language;and high-end cooperation mechanism has promoted top-level design,and economic and trade exchanges has enhanced the value of Chinese;and people-to-people exchanges has promoted people-topeople bonds and the spread of Chinese language.This paper proposes that we should promote the all-round development of Chinese education in the six GCC countries by seizing the international political opportunity,actively promoting the inclusion of Chinese language into the national education system of the other GCC countries,establishing a national and multi-dimensional cooperation mechanism,and taking into account both“top-level design”and“low-level demand”.