治理理论视域下命案防治对策研究——基于H省命案数据分析

On Homicide Prevention from the Perspective of Governance Theory:An Analysis of Homicide Data in H Province

社会主要矛盾的转变对当代命案防治的内容和效果提出了新要求。通过透视H省命案数据,对命案发生规律进行归纳,发现社会矛盾纠纷是命案防治中的重要可防性因素。当前命案防治工作面临诸多困境,例如矛盾纠纷排查化解仍留疏漏、社会面治安防控重点不够突出、警务部门对高危涉案群体的关注不足、重点人员管控尚未走出陈旧模式等。究其原因,系命案防治观念中对人权保障的认识出现偏差、防治对策重“事后打击”轻“事前预防”、防治路线面临工具主义倾向、防治系统存在惯性联动障碍。以治理理论指引新时期命案防治,在防治方式、效果和平台层面呈现出高度契合性。基于此,探索依靠“枫桥经验”排查化解矛盾纠纷、加强风险因素的常规性防范和恶性命案的应急性处置、深化专群结合与智慧警务双支撑的治理方式、优化重点人员管控的立法与执法效能等路径,以期完善当代命案防治体系,为建设更高水平的平安中国奠定坚实基础。

Homicide prevention is facing many difficulties, such as inadequate investigation and resolution of conflicts, less focus on social security prevention and control, less attention to the high-risk groups involved in the case, and the traditional mode of controlling key personnel. That can be explained by a cognitive bias of human rights protection in homicide prevention, focus on “combat” instead of “prevention”,instrumentalist prevention measures, and the disconnected prevention system. Therefore, homicide prevention, in the framework of governance theory, should be improved by referring to “Fengqiao Experience”, strengthening the prevention of risk factors and the emergency response to serious homicide cases,combining the efforts of specialists and the masses and smart policing, and increasing the effectiveness of legislation and law enforcement in controlling key personnel.