进退维谷:抗战后国民政府安置复员军官的制度设计与施行困境

Institutional Design and Implementation Dilemma of the Nanjing National Government’s Resettlement of Demobilized Police Officers after the War of Resistance against Japan

抗战胜利后,国民政府无力继续承担庞大的军费开支,亟须将大批复员军官分流至社会各行业。转业至警察机构作为安置复员军官的关键路径之一,中央设计局、中央警官学校及军政部先后拟具安置复员军官的计划方案。《配合整军计划实施建警方案》的出台,标志着军政部成功夺得转业警官安置权。在实际安置过程中,地方政府囿于经费、编制等因素无力妥善容纳转业警官,转业警官也深陷生活困窘、歧视待遇、身无一技之长等困境之中。除却战争因素外,经费桎梏、方案缺陷及派系纷争均是导致此项工作渐趋停滞的主要原因。聚焦复员军官转业警官问题,是在政权鼎革背景下探析个人、政党与国家复杂互动的较佳窗口。

After the War of Resistance against Japan,it was urgent for the Nanjing National Government to divert demobilized police officers to various social sectors due to its failure to afford the huge military expenditure.As one of the key solutions,the Central Design Bureau,the Central Police Academy and the Ministry of War have drawn up plans for the placement of demobilized police officers.The introduction of“Police Construction Program with Military Reform”marks that the Ministry of War has obtained the right to transfer police officers to employment.In the process of resettlement,local governments are unable to properly accommodate the transferred police officers due to the factors such as funds and staffing,and the transferred police officers are also trapped in the dilemma of living in embarrassment,discriminatory treatment and lack of professional skills.In addition to the war,financial constraints,programme defects and factional disputes were the main reasons for the gradual stagnation of the work.Focusing on the issue of demobilized police officers is a better perspective to explore the complex interaction between individuals,political parties and the state under the background of political revolution.