基于区块链的大数据侦查:价值、场景与协同规制

Big Data Detection Based on Blockchain: Value,Scenario and Synergy Regulation

由于犯罪主体不断趋于虚拟化与匿名化、犯罪方式日益网络化与智能化,大数据侦查应运而生。但是,这种基于传统互联网技术的侦查模式在数字时代的局限不容忽视,它不仅难以聚合生成真正意义的大数据,而且还潜藏着数据不完整与不安全的隐患。同时,互联网信息的弱可信性降低了电子化证据的客观性价值。基于此,大数据侦查可能陷入方向背反的双重困境:犯罪控制的低效能与侦查程序的合规性责难。随着区块链网络的渐行渐近,将区块链技术融入大数据侦查可能是摆脱窘境的有效方案。区块链的防篡改功能不仅可以实现电子数据的真实性保障,而且能够提升检察院对侦查行为的法律监督质效。区块链+“可用不可见”的隐私计算技术能够解决大数据侦查中的数据孤岛现象,提升侦查效能,同时满足数据安全与个人信息保护的严格要求。从适用路径来看,可以基于联盟链的侦查协作链为切入点逐步展开。基于数字正义的要求,侦查机关可以采用“技术—制度协同演化论”的进路,搭建法律与技术的双重治理体系。

In recent years,big data detection arises at the historic moment when the subject of crime tends to be virtualized and anonymous and the way of crime is increasingly networked and intelligent.However,big data detection may fall into a double dilemma of reverse direction:low efficiency of crime control and compliance of investigation procedure.In this context,it may be an effective solution that blockchain technology is integrated into big data detection.The tamper-proof function of blockchain can not only guarantee the authenticity of electronic data,but also help the procuratorate to supervise the quality and efficiency of investigation.The“usable but invisible”privacy computing technology of Blockchain serves to solve the phenomenon of data isolation in big data detection,improve the efficiency of detection,and meet the strict requirements of data security and personal information protection.The detection cooperation chain based on the alliance chain can be a starting point to the applicable path.Based on the requirements of digital justice,detection organs can adopt the approach of“technology-system co-evolution theory”to build a dual governance system of law and technology.