不法行为的规制路径:以被规制者的“遵从”为视角

An Approach to Regulating Illicit Behaviors:A Perspective of the Regulated

在后劳教时代,对不法行为的规制成为学界热议的话题。传统思维和策略一直聚焦于"执法",即从行政决定的合法性和正当性出发,讨论诸如执法权与司法权的配置等问题,而鲜有研究从被规制者的视角出发审视当前的规制体系。域外自20世纪末以来涌现出大量关于被规制者的"遵从"研究,国内学术界近来也有跟进的态势。以吸毒行为的法律规制为切入口,分析当前围绕毒品滥用规制体系的结构及实质,可以看出我国在不法行为规制方面呈现出柔性不足而严厉过剩的"倒金字塔"结构。在提倡社会共治的背景下,结合对吸毒者的实证研究,回归"正金字塔"结构可以更好地让被规制者遵从。要改变我国在不法行为规制方面所面临的"无能为力"与"迫不得已"的状况,应从"金字塔"底端对不法行为的矫治、教育和预防着手,明确不同规制目的的主次位阶,在制度设计上严谨地区分每一类对象和行为,从而建立一个与行为人和行为特点相对应的分级处遇体系。

In the’post-reeducation-through-labor’era,regulating illicit behaviors is a research focus in the academic community.This paper analyzes the current regulatory framework of drug use and empirically reveals the problem of excessive punitiveness and inadequate softness,which can be pictured as"Inverted Pyramid".In the context of social governance,empirical studies show that an"upright pyramid"regulatory system may let the regulated comply.Concerning the approach to regulating illicit behaviors,the paper argues that China needs to provide treatment,education and prevention at the bottom of regulatory structure,define the significance of different regulatory aims,and differentiate each category of drug users and their behaviors strictly when designing a proper system.