论公安案件法制审核制度的功能定位

On the Functions of Police Services’ Legal Review System of Cases

基于行政法治原则的要求,公安机关需要对行政执法的合法性进行必要的法制审核,而公安案件法制审核的范围、标准、强度与法制审核制度的功能定位密切关联。公安案件法制审核制度的功能取向在规范层面和法治实践层面存在差异,区分为执法内部监督功能与执法过程功能。执法内部监督论的视角将法制审核制度作为公安机关内部对行政执法行为的监督,法制审核在公安案件合法性判断方面起到关键性的作用;执法过程论则将法制审核纳入公安执法行为中,主要起到查漏补缺的作用。基于法制审核基本价值的考量,借鉴域外警察法治经验,可以整合执法内部监督论和执法过程论,将公安案件法制审核制度的功能设定为对执法活动的自我评价与法律资源支持,方更有利于促进公安机关的依法行政。

According to the principles of administrative law,police services should review the legality of administrative law enforcement.The scope,standard and intensity of police services’legal review of cases are closely related with the functions of legal review system.Different in norms and practices,the functions of legal review system can be generalized as internal supervision of law enforcement and law enforcement process respectively.Legal review plays a key role in legality judgment from the perspective of internal supervision of law enforcement but a supplementary role from the perspective of law enforcement process.Based on basic value of legal review and global experience,the functions of police services’legal review of cases should be defined as self-evaluation and legal support to facilitate the police services’administration according to law.