认罪认罚反悔后有罪供述适用问题探究——以“司法契约”理论下有罪供述撤回为切入点

Application of Confession after Admission of Guilt and Acceptance of Punishment but Withdrawal from the Perspective of “Judicial Contract” Theory: the Case of Withdrawal of Confession

认罪认罚从宽程序中的反悔权保障是进一步维护被追诉人自愿性及发现案件真相的重要途径。被追诉人反悔后其有罪供述在我国现行司法实践中通常继续使用,这样的做法有待斟酌。基于认罪认罚协商结果的司法契约性质,及结合反悔后的具结书效力,有罪供述撤回具有相对正当性。从比较法的角度考察以及多元价值的权衡,应当在规范层面明确原则上不得在变更后的一审程序中继续使用反悔前的有罪供述,且不能作为定罪根据;但为防止被追诉人出现无理、恶意反悔等情况,可结合"弹劾证据"规则及对"‘毒’树之果"的相关使用对其加以制约;同时在审判阶段的时间线索下,建构不同反悔情形下的有罪供述具体适用规则。

It is an important way to further ensure the voluntariness of the accused and discover the truth of the case that right of rescission in the lenient system of admission of guilt and acceptance of punishment is guaranteed.After the accused repents,his/her confession will always continue to be used in the current judicial practice in Chinese mainland,which is not desirable.On the basis of the nature of the judicial contract resulting from the negotiation of confession and punishment,along with the validity of the affidavit afterreneging,the relative legitimacy of the withdrawal of confession is analyzed.Through the analysis of the application of confession after reneging from the perspective of comparative law and multiple values,it is suggested that confession before,in principle,not be used in the indictment and not be used as the basis for conviction;the"impeachment evidence"rule and"the fruit of the’poison’tree"can be utilized to prevent the accused from going back on his/her word;according to the time clue of the trial stage,specific applicable rules of confession in different situations of withdrawal can be analyzed.