马克思主义国家理论指导中国国家安全学理论建设研究

Using Marxist State Theory to Guide Theory Building in China’s National Security Studies

理论是学科的基石、学科发展的动力和学科体系建构的支撑。国家安全学理论建设是具有中国特色的学术研究,体现了中国学者为建构国家安全学理论体系所作的努力。以马克思主义国家理论指导中国国家安全学理论建设具有必然性。从本体论来看,马克思主义国家理论的人民主权观、国家利益观奠定了国家安全学理论的本体论基础;从认识论来看,马克思主义国家理论统筹实践和认识的辩证唯物主义为国家安全学理论的建设提供了科学借鉴;从方法论来看,马克思主义国家理论展开的历史的、辩证的分析方法对国家安全学理论建设具有重要的方法论意义。以马克思主义国家理论指导中国国家安全学理论建设,首先,要立足“于安思危,危则虑安”等中国优秀传统文化积淀与马克思主义中国化实践。其次,与时俱进,推进马克思主义国家主权与利益理论的时代化,即坚持尊重主权和领土完整,既重视物理空间的领土主权,也关注虚拟空间的新兴领域国家主权,以网络主权、数据主权等赋予国家主权理论新内涵;坚持安全利益平等,在建设人类命运共同体思想的基础上,平衡国家利益与共同利益、普遍利益。再次,统筹安全与发展、国内安全与国际安全、个人安全与国家安全,建构安全共同体。概言之,对百年变局下正在崛起的中国而言,在理论与实践有机结合的基础上推进国家安全学理论建设,具有重要而深远的战略意义。

Theory serves as the cornerstone of disciplines,driving their development and supporting the development of disciplinary systems.The theory building in national security studies in China is an academic endeavor with Chinese characteristics,reflecting the efforts of Chinese scholars in building a theoretical framework for national security studies.It is inevitable to apply Marxist theory of the state to guide theory building in China’s national security studies.From an ontological point of view,the concept on people’s sovereignty and national interests in Marxist state theory have laid the ontological foundation for national security theory.From the perspective of epistemology,the dialectical materialism of Marxist state theory in coordinating practice and understanding provides scientific reference for the development of national security theory.From a methodological perspective,the historical and dialectical analysis method of Marxist state theory is of great methodological significance for the development of national security theory.Guided by the Marxist theory of the state,the development of China’s national security theory requires,first of all,to be based on the splendid traditional Chinese culture of“preparing for danger in times of peace,and considering security when in danger”and the practice of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context.Secondly,we should,keep up with the times,promote the modernization of Marxist theories on national sovereignty and interests,that is,to respect sovereignty and territorial integrity,attach equal importance to both the territorial sovereignty of physical space and the national sovereignty of emerging areas of virtual space,and add new dimensions to national sovereignty theory such as cyber sovereignty and digital sovereignty.We should adhere to the equality of security interests,and balance national interests and common and universal interests,as well as universal interests under the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind.Thirdly,we need to coordinate security and development,domestic and international security,personal and national security,and build a security community.Overall,for a rising China under a profound changes unseen in a century,it is of great and profound strategic significance to promote the theoretical construction of national security on the basis of the combination of theory and practice.