海陆之间:英国大战略传统及其特殊含义

Between Sea and Land:Britain’s Grand Strategy Traditions and Its Special Implications

至少自18世纪以来,英国的大战略缔造便为其壮大权势、争取乃至维系霸权提供了极大助益。英国大战略传统实际上包含两个彼此联系且重点不一的战略目标:一是介入欧洲事务以确保本土安全;二是扩张海外以争取世界性权势。19世纪晚期国际安全形势的革命性发展,加之英国大战略传统中的固有矛盾,是英国大战略缔造最终失败的主要原因。英国大战略缔造的主要教训包括:大战略缔造必须遵循平衡原则和力量集中原则,以及特别重要的,必须根据内外部形势的变化时刻关注战略评估与战略调整。

The making of Britain’s grand strategy has provided enormous benefits to its power expansion and pursuit of hegemony since at least 18th century.Britain’s grand strategy traditions actually contain two interrelated strategic goals with different emphasis:firstly,insuring the territorial security by intervention of European affairs;and secondly,pursuing global power and influence by expansion of oversea interests.Main reasons of the failure of Britain’s grand strategy making are revolutionary developments of international security situation and inherent contradictions of Britain’s grand strategy traditions.Furthermore,the major lessons draw from the making of Britain’s grand strategy include:to make grand strategy,one should follow balance rules as well as power-centralized rules,and most importantly,always keep an eye on strategic evaluation and strategic adjustment based on internal and external changes of situation.