影响中国西部农村婴幼儿营养状况的因素

Optimistic factors affecting nutritional status among children during early childhood in rural areas of western China

目的 了解中国西部农村影响婴幼儿营养状况的积极影响因素.方法 本研究利用2001年中国西部农村基层卫生与妇幼保健横断面调查数据.采用多阶段随机抽样法获得调查对象.运用营养不良复合指标(CIAF)指标将研究儿童分为营养良好和营养不良儿童,运用logistic回归模型从家庭因素、母亲因素和儿童自身因素等3个层面上探索相关的积极影响因素.结果 调查获得14 532名儿童,男童占57.4%.根据CIAF指标72.1%儿童为营养良好,营养不良总患病率为27.9%,以同时存在低体重和生长迟缓的儿童比例最高,达到10.3%,其次是只有生长迟缓的儿童,约为9.4%,而同时患消瘦、低体重和生长迟缓的儿童只有1.0%.北方汉族家庭儿童营养状况较好,高收入家庭、父亲有较高教育程度、家庭孩子少对儿童营养有积极作用;控制家庭因素后体重重及教育程度高的母亲其儿童营养状况较好;母亲教育程度高是6个月内儿童营养状况的积极因素.对于6~18个月儿童,母亲体重重、受教育程度高、4个月内纯母乳喂养以及增加肉类辅食是维持营养状况良好的积极因素;对于18个月以上儿童,除母亲体重重和教育程度高是积极因素外,增加鸡蛋、肉类辅食有利于保持良好营养状况.此外,家庭因素是影响6个月以上儿童营养状况的重要因素.结论 出生在家庭经济状况好、儿童数少、父亲教育程度高,母亲营养状况好的农村家庭的儿童营养状况较好,提高母亲文化程度以及加强6个月后蛋白质辅食添加是保证儿童营养状况良好的重要措施.

Objective To inestigate optimistic factors afecting nutrition status of infants under 3-year-old in rural areas of wstem China.Methods The data used in this study came from a cro88-sectional survey on primary health and matemal and child health care in westerm rural China The method of staified multistage cluster random sampling was used to obtain the sample of children.Composite index of anthropometric failure(CIAF)was used to clasifif the infants with normal nutrition or malnutition.Logistic regression model was employed to investigate optimistic factors efecting nutition of infants from3 levels 8 family,mother and children themselves.Results 14532 qulfied infants were obtained,57.4%of them were boys.According to CLAF,72.1%of children were found in normal nutritional status.Prevalence of malnutrition was 27.9%and 10.3%of children were both underweighed and retarded in growth The result showed the children with better nutrition were from such families with high income,fathers with higher education and fewer children.Higher education for mothers and breasteeding were optimistic factors efcting nutrition of infants under 6-month after family factors being controlled for.For children over 6 months old,the optimistic factors were heavy mother body weight and more education acquired,exclusive breast feeding within 4-month,introduction of fods containing more protein.Condusion Family factors strongly infuence nutritional status of rural children.Improving mothers'education and adding protein intake for children older than 6 months make their nutrition status better.