吠陀奥义书中的神观念及其对印度后世宗教哲学的影响

God Concept in Veda-Upanisads and Its Influence on Indian Later Philosophy and Religion

吠陀和奥义书是现存研究印度宗教哲学的最早文献资料。这些文献中的神崇拜形态有多种多样,对印度后世的宗教哲学有不同程度的影响。佛教中提及的许多神与吠陀奥义书中展示的神有种种关联,但佛教的主流理论是缘起观和性空说。这种理论的主要性质就决定了神在此教中不可能有多少地位,因而吠陀奥义书中的神观念对佛教的影响十分有限。婆罗门教或印度教中的主流神崇拜形态受吠陀奥义书的神观念影响较大。这种崇拜把先前的一些神改造成了具有哲学本体意义的神,或把当时哲人们重视的哲学本体赋予了神的身份或功能。这对于促成印度思想史上宗教与哲学的紧密联系起了极大作用。

Veda and Upanisads are the earliest literature existing for the research of Indian religious philosophy.There are various god worship forms in these literature.They have different degrees of influence on later Indian religious philosophy.Many gods mentioned in Buddhism are related with gods in Veda and Upanisads,but the mainstream theories of Buddhism are the theories of dependent origination and non-existence.The main feature of such theories has determined that gods can not have any position in Buddhism.So the influence of god concepts in Veda and Upanisads on Buddhism are very limited.But the mainstream god worship forms in Brahmanism or Hinduism have received a great influence from the god concepts in Veda and Upanisads.Such worship has made the previous god become the god with philosophical ontology significance,or has given the philosophical ontology the identity of god or god functions.This has enabled the religion and philosophy in Indian history closely linked.