反思与世界--由“过度反思”而来的现象学考察

Reflection and World——A Phenomenological Investigation on“Hyperreflexivity”

本文从精神分裂症患者身上所表现出的“过度反思”现象入手,探究在何种意义上过度反思是一种质上发生改变的反思形态,并进而揭示出一般反思的现象学特性。在论述了现象学精神病学研究中被定义的过度反思现象之后,文章指出,把反思理解为内隐维度的外显化无法澄清过度反思现象的独特性以及反思的本质。受德国现象学精神病学家布朗肯伯格《自然自明性的丧失》一书的启发,并通过对胡塞尔和海德格尔有关世界现象的探讨,本文进一步论证,一般反思总处在世界视域中,是“在世界中的反思”,而过度反思则是世界结构发生根本性形变的反思形态。

The article explores in what sense hyperreflexivity,a phenomenon often seen in schizophrenic patients,is a qualitatively distorted form of reflection.This further brings us to a phenomenological understanding of reflection in general.After describing the phenomenon of hyperreflexivity defined by phenomenological psychiatrists,the article argues against the implicit-explicit model applied to explain hyperreflexivity as well as normal reflection.Inspired by the German psychiatrist Wolfgang Blankenburg,the article discusses how ordinary reflection is carried out on the basis of a world,that is,how reflection is reflection-in-the-world and how the loss or deformation of the world can be a central aspect of hyperreflexivity.