复杂系统视角下的举国体制进路:系统解析与案例比较

Research on the new-type system of nationwide mobilization from the perspective of complex system:Systematic analysis and case comparison

举国体制作为攻克重大领域关键难题的复杂系统,是现阶段中国应对外部竞争加剧、实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要制度保障.基于复杂系统及管理理论,从"顶层设计—贯彻执行"二分维度构建举国体制解析系统.顶层设计子系统由目标与决策元素构成,而贯彻执行子系统元素包括任务、主体、资源、动员及协调机制.系统内及子系统间各要素相互作用,相辅相成,促进举国体制重大成就的取得.进一步,根据举国体制系统解析框架,对航天、扶贫、防疫、体育举国体制进行纵深分析及跨领域比较发现,各领域解析系统元素具有的共性是确保举国体制成功的前提,而异质性则对不同领域举国体制运行绩效的差异起到解释作用.从系统解构视角研究打开举国体制的内核,丰富已有文献对举国体制概念、特征、模式等外部"轮廓型"的研究,促进学界对举国体制认识的深化与统一.

As a complex system to overcome key problems in major fields,the new-type system of nationwide mobilization is an important institutional guarantee for China to cope with the intensification of external competition and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation at this stage.Based on complex system and management theory,a new-type system of nationwide mobilization is constructed from the dichotomous dimension of"top-level design-implementation".The top-level design subsystem is composed of goal and decision,while the implementation subsystem consists of tasks,subjects,resources,mobilization and coordination mechanisms.The elements within the system and among the subsystems interact and complement each other,promoting the major achievements of the new-type system of nationwide mobilization.Further,according to that analytical framework,the in-depth analysis and cross-field comparison of aerospace,poverty alleviation,epidemic prevention,and sports found that the commonality of the elements of the analytical system in various fields is the premise to ensure the success of the new-type system of nationwide mobilization,while the heterogeneity can explain the differences in the performance of that system in different fields.Research from the perspective of system deconstruction opens up the core of the new-type system of nationwide mobilization,supplements the existing literature on the concept,characteristics,models and other external"contours"studies,and promotes the academic community's understanding of the new-type system of nationwide mobilization.