革兰氏阴性菌耐药机制初探

Study on Drug Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria

抗生素耐药性问题引起全世界广泛关注,是一场巨大的全球健康危机,也是当今人类面临的最严重的威胁之一,某些种的细菌菌株对几乎所有抗生素具有耐药性.因此迫切需要研发新型抗生素以克服细菌耐药性问题.2017年,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)公布迫切需要新型抗生素的细菌清单,优先级分为非常急迫、急迫和中度急迫,以促进新型抗生素的研究和开发.优先级分为非常急迫的细菌全部是革兰氏阴性菌,革兰氏阴性菌独特的细胞壁结构使其与革兰氏阳性菌相比更容易获得耐药性.革兰氏阴性菌的耐药机制复杂多样,改变细胞外膜结构、增强外排泵的功能、产生抗生素失活酶等可以有效增强菌体的耐药性.

The global problem of antibiotic resistance is fast becoming one of the major concerns of modern times.Being one of the most serious threats to people,it poses a particular difficulty for the healthcare community.Some strains of bacteria are resistant to almost all antibiotics.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics to overcome the problem of bacterial resistance.In 2017,in order to promote research and development of new antibiotics,World Health Organization(WHO)published a list of antibiotic-resistant“priority pathogens”.The list is divided into three categories according to the urgency of need for new antibiotics:critical,high and medium priority.Pathogens in the most critical group are all gram-negative.Due to the unique cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria,they are more likely to acquire drug resistance than gram-positive bacteria.The drug resistance mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria are complex and diverse.They can enhance the resistance of bacteria by changing the structure of the outer cell membrane,enhancing the function efflux pumps,and producing antibiotic inactivation enzymes.