客家话中的情态动词"做得"

On the Modal Verb tso^(5)tet^(7)(做得)in the Hakka Dialect

早期客家话中表示可以义的"做得"有典型的情态动词用法,即后接谓词成分.这种功能的"做得"目前只见于中国台湾地区和广东梅州周边少数客家话,而且,和早期"做得"有两种否定式且常用"唔做得"不完全相同,当今台湾地区客家话常用"做唔得",而大陆客家话则只有"唔做得"一种形式.文章考察了早期和当今客家话中情态动词"做得"的功能、特点和语义来源,发现可能类情态动词的一种新来源:可能补语结构,并指出可能补语结构"做得"发展出情态动词功能并非孤例,客家话情态动词"使得"也经历了类似的演变过程.

Tso^(5)tet^(7)(做得)is a modal verb meaning‘can’in the early Hakka data,which can be followed by predicate constituents.Such use of the expression is only found in some Hakka varieties in Taiwan and around Meizhou of Guangdong.There were two kinds of negative forms with‘m^(2)tso^(5)tet^(7)’as the more common form in early data;whiletso^(5)tet^(7)in modern Hakka varieties allow only one negative form.This paper deals with the functions and semantic sources oftso^(5)tet^(7)in early and contemporary Hakka dialects,and it argues that the verb-potential complement construction is a new semantic source of possibility modal verbs,which is a recurrent semantic change pattern in Chinese dialects,as proved by the data of the modal verb se^(3)tet^(7)(使得)in Hakka dialects.