"完成体表最近将来"及其触发条件

From Perfective Aspect to Future Tense:Trigger and Condition

完成体和将来时使用同一标记是世界语言中的罕见现象,赣语宜春话的"谓词短语+去哩"同时具有"完成体"和"最近将来时"两种解读.考察后发现,其最近将来时解读是"去哩"在[+趋向][+临界点]的语境下语法化而形成的,"去哩"表将来不仅对"终止点"敏感,也对"起始点"敏感.受此启发,我们考察发现普通话"了2"表"最近将来时"的触发条件也是[+趋向][+临界点]的语境,这也呼应了Bybee等(1994)提出的"将来时"最普遍的来源之一是"向一个目标的移动".[+趋向]对应于"移动"而[+临界点]则是移动的"目标".

The use of the same mark in the perfect aspect and the future tense is a rare phenomenon in the world languages.The“VP+[t■^(h)ie li]”in Yichun dialect of Gan dialect has two interpretations of“perfect aspect”and“immediate future”.After investigation,it is found that the interpretation of the future tense is formed by the grammaticalization of“[t■^(h)ie li]”under the condition of[+movement][+goal].“[t■^(h)ie li]”is not only sensitive to the“ending point”but also“starting point”.Inspired by this observation,we investigated and found that the“immediate future tense”in Mandarin le_(2)is also sensitive to the context of[+movement][+goal],which also echoes the proposal by Bybeeet al.(1994)that one of the most common sources of futurity is“movement toward a goal.”