马来西亚闽南话与马来语的双向语言接触研究——以泗里街闽南话饮食类词语为例

A Study on Bidirectional Language Contact between the Malaysia Southern Min Dialect and Malay:A Case Study on Diet Words in the Sarikei Southern Min Dialect

泗里街位于东马砂拉越州,厦漳泉籍华人早在19世纪60年代就已登陆泗里街,是当地最早抵埗的华人.这些华人一般为多语多方言使用者,大多仍能流利地使用闽南话,但这支闽南话在马来语的接触下不可避免地夹杂了许多马来语的成分,这在饮食类词语中尤为突出.这些词语中有大量马来语借词和"闽南语+马来语音译"式的合璧词,此外,还有不少"闽南语+马来语"式的双语混用词;词序上,受马来语影响形成一系列中心语前置的现象.反过来,闽南话对当地马来语也产生了一定的影响,同样也产生了闽南话借词和"马来语+闽南语音译"式的合璧词,但在语言混用词和构词上并未对马来语产生明显影响.显然,在马来语与泗里街闽南话相互接触的过程中,马来语对闽南话的影响更为深层.而这种相互接触表明,当移民文化也有它的文化强项时,语言交流也会呈现出明显的双向态势.

Sarikei is located in Negeri Sarawak,Malaysia.The Southern Min dialect appearing in Sarikei in the 1860s,was the first Chinese dialect there.The speakers of the Southern Min dialect are generally multilingual and can still speak the Southern Min dialect fluently.In the meantime,inevitably,the Sarikei Southern Min dialect is intermingled with Malay,which is especially prominent in diet words.In terms of combining forms,there are many Malay loanwords,“Southern Min dialect+Malay translation”hybrids and“Southern Min dialect+Malay”bilingual mixed words in the category of diet words.In terms of word order,some head-initial words in the Southern Min dialect are influenced by Malay.The Southern Min dialect also in turn exerts a certain influence on Malay,that is,Southern Min dialect loanwords and“Malay+Southern Min dialect translation”hybrids can also be found in Malay;however,not many bilingual mixed words are found in Malay,neither is a significant impact on the word formation of Malay.Obviously,in the process of language contact,Malay has a deeper influence on the Sarikei Southern Min dialect.The language intercontact shows that language contact can be bidirectional when the immigrant culture has certain strength.