山西文水话"没[m██^(41)]"和"□[mA^(41)]"的异同

The Study of "没[m██^(41)]" and "□[mA^(41)]" in the Wenshui Dialect,Shanxi Province

文水话中,表示没有的否定词有两个:"没[m██^(41)]"和"□[mA^(41)]"("没啦"[m██^(41)lA^(0)]的合音形式)."没"相当于普通话的动词"没有","口[mA^(41)]"的用法比较复杂,大致相当于普通话的副词"没有",但是在部分句式中还保留着动词的用法."没"主要否定领有、存在,可以构成相关的四字格;"□[mA^(41)]"主要否定动作的实现或曾经的经历,可以构成反复问句及单独用于否定性回答.文章对"没"和"口[mA^(41)]"的用法做了系统考察,发现两者在否定功能的具体实现方式上差异明显,分别有各自适用的句法环境,畛域清晰.

"没[m██^(41)]"is a verb which negates possession or existence,while"□[mA^(41)]"can be roughly analyzed as an adverb formed via a merge of没and啦.The use of"□[mA^(41)]"as a verb is reserved in some sentential patterns."□[mA^(41)]"negates the realization of some action or experience.It can be used to form positive and negative questions,and on its own it constitutes a negative answer.The paper provides a detailed description of their uses.Salient differences between the two have been found regarding how their negative functions can be expressed.That is to say,they appear in distinct syntactic environments.