罪错未成年人教育保护:必要性、困境与应然方向

The Educational Protection of Delinquent Minors:Necessity,Predicament and Appropriate Direction

以临界预防为目的,对罪错未成年人以分级分类为前提给予一体化教育保护,具有必要性与和合理性.当前罪错未成年人实施罪错行为前后的受教育困境集中体现在:弱势未成年人的教育资源、教育机会不平等问题仍然存在;对罪错未成年人的教育性质认识不清;缺乏科学、有效、精准的罪错未成年人教育保护机制.罪错未成年人教育保护的应然方向是:基于教育公平的维度,在平等性与差别性之间保持平衡,在不影响其他普通未成年人受教育权实现的前提下,对罪错未成年人给予补偿性的教育保护;在教育保护目的的维度,在惩戒权与受教育权之间保持平衡,融合对于罪错未成年人的矫治教育与普通教育;在教育保护机制的维度,在专门教育与其他措施之间保持平衡,构建年龄分层、行为分级和措施匹配的教育保护机制.

With the purpose of critical prevention,it is necessary and reasonable to give integrated education and protection to minors with crimes and wrongs on the premise of classification and classification.The current educational dilemmas of delinquent minors before and after committing delinquent behaviors are concentrated in:the inequality of educational resources and educational opportunities for vulnerable minors still exists;the nature of education of delinquent minors is unclear;and there is a lack of scientific,effective and accurate education and protection mechanisms for delinquent minors.The natural direction of the educational protection of guilty and wronged minors is:based on the dimension of educational fairness,maintain a balance between equality and differentiation,and give compensatory educational protection to guilty and wronged minors without affecting the realization of other ordinary minors'right to education;based on the dimension of the purpose of educational protection,maintain a balance between the right to discipline and the right to education,and integrate corrective education and general education for delinquent minors;based on the dimension of the educational protection mechanism,a balance is maintained between specialized education and other measures,and an educational protection mechanism with age stratification,behavioral classification,and matching measures is constructed.