葡萄牙犯罪记录清除的多重路径及中国相关问题的思考

Multiple Paths to Eliminate Criminal Records in Portugal and Reflections on Related Issues in China

犯罪记录制度是刑法实现其社会防卫功能的手段,世界各国普遍适用犯罪记录的清除制度,帮助被刑事定罪的行为人重返社会.犯罪记录的清除制度包括自始不转录、永久清除及暂时封存等不同的方式,程序上可以是考验期结束自动清除,也可以是法官依职权决定;既适用于自然人,也适用于法人.犯罪记录的清除制度在我国仍处于相对缺失的状态,我国仅规定了未成年人的犯罪记录封存制度.我国需要建立综合性的犯罪记录清除制度,以满足多场景的社会重返需要,全面实现犯罪记录清除制度的功能.

The criminal record system is a means for criminal law to realize its social defense function.Countries all over the world generally apply the criminal record-clearing system to help criminally convicted perpetrators reintegrate into society.The system of clearing criminal records includes different methods such as not transcribing from the beginning,permanently clearing,and temporarily sealing up;procedurally,it can be automatically cleared after the probation period ends,or it can be decided by a judge ex officio;it applies to both natural persons and legal persons.The system of clearing criminal records is still relatively lacking in our country,and only stipulates the system of sealing up criminal records of minors.Our country needs to establish a comprehensive criminal record clearance system to meet the needs of social reintegration in multiple scenarios and fully realize the functions of the criminal record clearance system.