过失的形式规范与并存罪过的合法性

The Formal Norms of Negligence and the Legitimacy of Concurrent Crimes

过失的形式规范来源于《刑法》第15条第2款过失犯罪"法律有规定".过失认定应当是立法规范层面的问题,当前学界既存的明文规定说、文理规定说、特别规定说、补充规定说等理论,均无法彻底涵盖刑法立法界定的过失犯罪.过失形式规范应当理解为"本法有区分规定".其中,"本法有区分规定"仅是对罪过形态的区分要求,且其是指同一罪名有区分规定.此外,采取"区分规定"判断罪过形态,还应当以"法益"和"要件"为区分标准.依据该标准的具体理解,并存罪过的确立完全具备《刑法》总则的合法性根基.

The formal norms of negligence come from"the law has provisions"in the second paragraph of Article 15 of the criminal law.Negligence cognizance should be a problem at the level of legislative norms.At present,the existing theories in the academic circles,such as the theory of express provisions,the theory of literary and scientific provisions,the theory of special provisions and the theory of supplementary provisions,can not completely cover the negligent crime defined in the legislation of criminal law.The formal norms of negligence should be understood as"this law has distinguishing provisions".Among them,"this law has distinguishing provisions"only refers to the distinguishing requirements for the form of crime,and it refers to the distinguishing provisions for the same crime.In addition,"legal interest"and"elements"should also be used as the criteria forjudging the form of crime by"distinguishing provisions".According to the specific understanding of this standard,the establishment of concurrent crime has the legitimacy foundation of the general provisions of criminal law.