逾越民法含义的刑法解释现象研究

Research on Phenomena of Criminal Law Interpretations Exceeding Their Meanings in Civil Law

"逾越民法含义的刑法解释",是指对同一概念或术语,刑法对之做出宽于或者窄于民法含义的解释.刑法解释赋予单位人格的标准极为混乱,对"刺破法人面纱理论"的借鉴过于机械,将财产性利益解释为财物,将"虚拟财产"解释为财物,将含有国有成分的混合所有制公司、企业财产解释为国有财产,将非法债务解释成债务,对"合同"作出与民法不同的解释,将间接经济损失、精神损害排除在损失之外,将部分"相似的注册商标"解释成"相同的注册商标",将冒充专利解释为假冒专利,是其具体体现.逾越民法含义刑法解释现象的出现原因主要包括民法与刑法在核心价值取向上的差异性、民法和刑法对当事人意思自治的态度不同、刑法和民法的立法协调不够等.逾越民法含义刑法解释现象的出现,揭示了刑法和民法之间的关系的演进历程,完全符合辩证法的"否定之否定"规律,其发展遵循"民刑不分"→"民刑分立"→"民刑交融"的趋势.

Criminal law interpretations exceeding their meanings in civil law are interpretations that the criminal law interprets the meaning of the same concept or terminology more broadly or narrowly than the meaning in civil law.Its concrete manifestation is as follows:the criteria for giving personality to a unit in criminal law interpretations are extremely confusing,it is too mechanical to draw lessons from the theory of piercing the corporate veil,interpreting property interest as property,the property of mixed ownership companies and enterprises with state-owned components is interpreted as state-owned property,interprets illegal debt into debt,interprets"contract"differently from civil law,exclude indirect economic loss and mental damage from loss,interprets part of"similar registered trademarks"as"identical registered trademarks",interprets"passing off patent"as"counterfeiting patent".The reasons for the phenomenon of criminal law interpretations beyond their meanings in civil law mainly are differences in core value orientation between civil law and criminal law,different attitudes towards party autonomy in civil law and criminal law,insufficient coordination between the lawmaking of criminal law and civil law,etc.The emergence of the phenomenon of criminal law interpretations beyond their meanings in civil law reveals the evolution of the relationship between criminal law and civil law,which fully conforms to the law of negation of negation of dialectics.Its development follows the trend of"no distinction between civil and criminal law","separation of civil and criminal law","integration of civil and criminal law".