唐开元二十一年"输丁"探析

Research on"Shuding"(输丁)in the Twenty-first Year of the Kaiyuan Reign of Tang Dynasty

唐玄宗开元二十一年(733)裴耀卿因关中缺粮奏言:"今天下输丁约有四百万人."[1]而杜佑《通典》记载:"天宝中天下计帐,……课丁八百二十余万."[2]裴耀卿语中"输丁"在当时具体是何意?是否等同于天下所有"课丁"之意?

In the twenty-first year of Kaiyuan Reign of Tang Dynasty(733),minister Pei Yaoqing(裴耀卿)submitted a petition to the emperor suggesting that there were about 4 million Shuding transportation and camp payers from Shanzhou to Luoyang.Who were the Shuding groups?By calculating the number of"Keding"(课丁)during Kaiyuan and Tianbao reigns,it could be inferred that Shuding belonged to Jianshu(见输)tax system,and 4 million Shuding should be one kind of Keding according to the certain standardized generality.From the analysis of Pei Yaoqing’s two original texts,we could see that Shuding related to Huainan and Jiangnan areas.By analyzing the current situation of the grain transport in the early Tang Dynasty as well as the number of Keding in the prefectures and counties of Jiangnan and Jiangbei areas in the twenty-first year of Kaiyuan reign,we concluded that Shuding should be taxpayers of Keding in Jiangbei and Jiangnan(southern side of Yangzte river)areas.