2020-2021年我国粮食主产区稻谷中农药残留风险监测与评价

Risk monitoring and evaluation of pesticide residues in paddy in major grain producing areas of China from 2020 to 2021

目的监测我国稻谷主产区2020-2021年稻谷农药残留水平,建立稻谷农药残留风险评估模型.方法采集2020-2021年度7个稻谷主产省区样品154份,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对样品中280种农药残留进行分析,并采用内梅罗污染指数法评估不同产区农药残留污染风险.结果筛查结果共计检出农药残留24种,其中包括杀虫剂15种、杀菌剂5种、除草剂2种、植物生长调节剂2种.超标的农药残留4种.检出农药残留样品85份,检出率为55.2%,检出频次为173次,其中超出限量标准11份,超标率为7.1%.基于污染指数法分析轻度污染以上风险占比7.8%,警戒及安全占92.2%.结论稻谷中农药残留检测数据显示超标率较低,但检出率仍超过50%,农药残留污染在我国稻谷中仍普遍存在.本研究通过广泛的样品监测数据,建立不同农药残留在稻谷中的残留风险模型,研究成果可应用于实际稻谷收购环节,为入库检测提供风险评价数据,优化检测流程,提高检测效率.

Objective To monitor the level of pesticide residues in rice from 2020 to 2021 and establish a risk assessment model for rice pesticide residues.Methods A total of 154 samples were collected from 7 major rice-producing provinces from 2020 to 2021,and 280 kinds of pesticide residues in the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,and the pollution risk of pesticide residues in different production areas was assessed by Nemero pollution index method.Results Totally 24 kinds of pesticide residues were detected,including 15 kinds of insecticides,5 kinds of fungicides,2 kinds of herbicides and 2 kinds of plant growth regulators.There were 4 kinds of pesticide residues exceeding food safety limit.The 85 samples of pesticide residues were detected,the detection rate was 55.2%,and totally 173 times was detacted.The results of 11 samples exceeded the limit,exceeding ratio was 7.1%.Based on the pollution index method,the proportion of above mild pollution risk was 7.8%,and less than alertness was 92.2%.Conclusion The detection data of pesticide residues in paddy show that the exceed limit rate is low,but the detection rate is still more than 50%.Pesticide residue pollution is still widespread in paddy in China.In this study,a residue risk model of different pesticide residues in paddy has been established through extensive sample monitoring data.The research results can be applied to the actual paddy purchase process,provide risk assessment data for storage detection,optimize the detection process,and improve the detection efficiency.