儿童呼吸道感染的抗生素选择与应用时机

Selection and application opportunity of antibiotics in children with respiratory tract infections

呼吸道感染是儿童常见病,也是儿童抗生素不合理应用最广泛的领域.合理应用抗生素可降低细菌耐药率及其不良事件,耐药菌株的出现与抗生素的广泛应用密切相关.为减少抗生素在儿童呼吸道感染中的不合理应用,需要了解抗生素的应用时机.呼吸道感染依据部位可分为上呼吸道感染及下呼吸道感染,包括普通感冒、咽炎、鼻窦炎、中耳炎、支气管炎与细支气管炎及肺炎等,现就抗生素在上述儿童常见呼吸道感染中的应用时机进行综述.

Respiratory tract infection is the most common disease in children,and it is also the most common disease of irrational use of antibiotics.The rational application of antibiotics is to reduce the rate of bacterial resistance and its adverse events.The emergence of drug-resistant strains is closely related to the wide application of antibiotics.In order to reduce the irrational use of antibiotics in children's respiratory tract infection,pediatricians need to know the timing of application of antibiotics.The respiratory tract infection can be divided into upper respiratory tract infection and lower respiratory tract infection,including common cold,pharyngitis,sinusitis,otitis media,bronchitis and bronchitis,and pneumonia.This article reviews the application timing of antibiotics in the common respiratory tract infection of these children.