“心”与“时间”——牟宗三哲学建构的一个线索

Heart and Time:A Clue of Mou Zongsan’s Philosophy Construction

牟宗三初涉哲思时就已经意识到"时间"问题的重要性.尽管在其学术生涯中,对"时间"的具体阐述有调整、发展,但无论是以"时间"为主观建构,或以"历史"为"精神表现",或将"时间"归结于"有限心"、"识心之执"等,其共同特征即是不离"心"而论"时间".他始终以离物而即心的方式理解与规定"时间",对"时间"之根源、时间相等方面进行了缜密的分析.其思考对安顿现象界、展露本体界涵有敏锐的洞见与超越的智慧,大大拓展了20世纪中国哲学思考时间之广度和深度.

Mou Zongsan’s thinking on the time problem has always been closely linked to the heart.In the early days,he was fascinated by Kant.In Kant’s static spiritual structure,he inherited his time as intuitive form and subjective construction.Later,Mou Zongsan turned to the study of Chinese thought,revived the evolution of the Chinese spirit for thousands of years with Hegel’s ideological structure,and understood time as the process and form of spiritual expression.Due to dissatisfaction with Hegel’s German priority position,Mou Zongsan finally returned to Kant and completed his moral metaphysics through dialogue,absorption and transcendence of Kant.Under the theory of two-layered ontology,he attributed time to finite heart and thought that time was generated by imagination.Dissociation and understanding of the heart and the definition of time,this is a mystery,but there is no lack of deep insight and transcendent wisdom.