重建合法性——新《春秋》学的问题意识及其展开

Reconstruction of Legitimacy:The Problem Consciousness and Development of the New Study of Chunqiu

从啖助、赵匡到陆淳,对《春秋》性质的界定经历了一个教化之书、政治治理之书、道尧舜之道之书的变化过程,力图证成孔子褒贬黜陟的政治合法性.其说各有优长,亦各有困境.程颐接续啖助学派综合三传、以意说经的解经方法,但在《春秋》性质的理解上则与啖赵异途,而近于陆淳,其以孔子为圣王,以《春秋》为垂法后世之书,但未证成其说.胡《传》则以"仲尼,天理之所在"的方式重新确立起孔子以素王身份进行褒贬黜陟之合法性,为了避免素王与周王之冲突,其折衷素王立法与遵循周制,提出"夏时冠周月"说.

From Dan Zhu,Zhao Kuang to Lu Chun,The definition of the essence of Chunqiu experienced a process of change from the book of enlightenment,the book of political governance,and the book of introducing the thoughts of Yao and Shun.They tried to prove the political legitimacy of Confucius’criticism.Their statements have their own advantages and disadvantages.Cheng Yi inherited Dan Zhu school’s method of interpreting scriptures to synthesize Zuo Zhuan,Gongyang Zhuan and Guliang Zhuan and explain them according to their own understanding.But his understanding of the essence of Chunqiu was different from Dan Zhu and Zhao Kuang,but similar to Lu Chun.He believed that Confucius was the holy king,and the Chunqiu was a book to determine the political charter for future generations,but he failed to prove his theory.Hu Anguo reestablished Confucius’s status as a uncrowned king to criticize by regarding Confucius as heavenly principle.In order to avoid the conflict between the uncrowned king and the king of Zhou Dynasty,Hu Anguo made a compromise between the legislation of uncrowned king and the following of Zhou Dynasty system,and put forward the theory of“xia shi guan zhou yue”.