Effect of maternal lipid profile,C-peptide,insulin,and HBA1c levels during late pregnancy on large-for-gestational age newborns

Background:Large-for-gestational age(LGA)newborns can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.Previous studies have shown that the levels of maternal blood lipids,connecting peptide(C-peptide),insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA_(1c))were significantly different between LGA and appropriate-for-gestational age(AGA)newborns.This study aimed to determine the effect of the levels of maternal lipids,C-peptide,insulin,and HbA_(1c) during late pregnancy on LGA newborns.Methods:This study comprised 2790 non-diabetic women in late pregnancy.Among their newborns,2236(80.1%)newborns were AGA,and 554(19.9%)newborns were LGA.Maternal and neonatal characteristics were obtained from questionnaires and their case records.The levels of maternal fasting serum apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-peptide,insulin and blood HbA_(1c) were measured.The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze categorical variables and continuous variables between the AGA and LGA groups,respectively.Binary logistic regression analysis was made to determine the independent risk factors for LGA newborns.Results:Maternal TG,C-peptide,insulin and HbA_(1c) levels were signifi cantly higher in the LGA group than in the AGA group(P<0.05).The LGA group had signifi cantly lower levels of maternal TC,HDL-C and LDL-C than the AGA group(P<0.05).After adjustment for confounding variables,including maternal age,pre-pregnancy body mass index,education,smoking,annual household income,amniotic fluid volume,gestational hypertension,newborn gender and gestational age at blood collection,high maternal TG levels remained signifi cantly associated with LGA newborns(P<0.05).Conclusion:High maternal TG level during late pregnancy is signifi cantly associated with LGA newborns.