太原市净因寺彩绘泥塑文物颜料的科学分析

Analysis of Pigments from the Painted Clay Statues of the Ming Dynasty in Jingyin Temple,Taiyuan

太原市净因寺为全国重点文物保护单位,其大雄宝殿内的明代彩绘泥塑造型优美、工艺繁复,具有丰富的历史、艺术和科学价值.本文借助于超景深显微镜、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜/能谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪等分析方法,对大雄宝殿内三尊明代彩塑的颜料进行分析.结果表明,彩塑上的红色颜料分别为赤铁矿、朱砂和铅丹,白色颜料为碳酸钙,绿色颜料为合成氯铜矿,蓝色颜料为蓝铜矿和普鲁士蓝,黑色颜料为炭黑.本文的研究结果有助于揭示净因寺明代彩塑的制作材料与工艺,同时为后期文物病害的机理研究和保护修复提供科学依据.

The painted clay statues from the Ming dynasty in the Grand Hall of the Jingyin Temple not only display exquisite artistic design,unique style and expert craftsmanship,but are of very high historical,artistic and scientific value.A comprehensive study on the materials of three of the statues in the Grand Hall of the temple has been conducted using multiple analytical methods,including 3D video microscopy,polarized light microscope(PLM),scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM/EDS),Raman spectrometer,and infrared spectrometer.The results show that the red pigments are made of cinnabar,hematite and red lead,the white is calcium carbonate,the green is atacamite,and the blue contains azurite and phthalocyanine blue(also known as Prussian blue).This research will help to reveal the materials and techniques used to create the painted sculptures in the Jingyin Temple,and will also provide evidence for future research on the conservation and relevant deterioration mechanisms affecting the statues.