青海明长城遗址赋存环境特征研究

Studyon Characteristics of the Occurrence Environment of Earthen Sites of the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai Province

青海明长城遗址是青海省境内保存最为完整、规模最为宏大的线性土遗址的典型代表,其赋存的高寒地区气候多变且地质环境非常复杂.受控于特殊的赋存环境作用及人为破坏影响,青海明长城遗址正经历由大量病害发育到快速消亡这一量变到质变的过程.因此,厘清青海明长城遗址赋存环境特征是探究特殊环境下土遗址病害发育机理的重要前提.本文在总结前人研究成果和大量现场调研的基础上,从地形地貌、气候特征、地层岩性、水文条件、地质构造、地震等方面详细阐述了青海明长城遗址的赋存环境特点,并通过对比青海明长城与其它省份明长城遗址代表段的海拔及气候相关数据,确定青海明长城赋存环境具有"高寒"的特点;通过利用主成分分析方法对年均降雨量、风速、温度、蒸发量、海拔以及近10年地震次数等相关数据进行分析,提取降雨、风速、温度和海拔等四个变量作为关键环境因素,为本研究区内的土遗址病害发育特征与环境因素的关联性分析具有重要参考作用.

The Ming Great Wall is the representative of the most complete preservation and large-scale linear earthen sites in Qinghai Province,and its occurrence environment has a capricious climate and complex geological environment.Under the control of special occurrence environment and anthropological influences,earthen sites of the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai Province have been experiencing the quantitative change from deteriorations development to quick extinction.Therefore,clarifying the characteristics of occurrence environment of earthen sites of the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai Province is an important precondition for deterioration mechanism research under the special function of the environment.In this paper,based on previous research findings and field investigations,the occurrence environment characteristics of the Ming Great Wall have been explained including landform,climatic features,formation lithology,hydrological condition,geological structure,earthquake,etc.By comparing the elevation and climatic data between the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai and other provinces,the occurrence environment of the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai Province has the characteristic of alpine.By using principal component analysis on average annual rainfall,wind speed,temperature,evaporation,elevation,and the number of earthquakes per decade,the rainfall,temperature,wind speed,and evaporation were deemed as three important environmental factors,providing the essential reference for the correlation analysis between deterioration characteristics and environment elements of earthen sites of the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai Province.