土遗址中木质文物原址保护的现状与展望

Present situation and prospect of in situ preservation of wooden cultural relics in earthen sites

土遗址中的木质文物数量大、种类多,其有机质材料的特性给保护工作带来了许多困难.出于保留遗址原始信息与历史情境之目的,原址保护常作为优选方案,但是现实中能有效保护土/木混合遗址的难度很大.木材的生物降解和温湿度变化导致的物理降解是木质文物原址保护的最大难题,国内外许多学者一般将木质文物与土遗址本体看作一个整体,在监测的同时重视环境调控的作用,常通过地下水文环境控制、地表湿润环境营造、覆罩隔离、温湿度控制等来保护土遗址中的木质文物.必要时,原址化学加固或抑菌剂的使用也被允许.本文以木质文物在不同土遗址中的原址保护实例为研究对象,对国内外相关研究的现状及未来进行阐述和展望,同时注重保护和展示之间的关系,以期为未来土遗址中木质文物的原址保护和展示提供思路与借鉴.

The quantity and variety of wooden cultural relics in earthen sites are large,and its characteristics of organic materials bring many difficulties to the preservation work.For the purpose of preserving the original information and historical context of the site,in situ preservation is often mentioned as the preferred scheme,but it is very difficult to effectively protect the soil-wood mixed site in reality.Wood biodegradation and physical degradation caused by temperature and humidity change are the biggest problems.Many scholars at home and abroad generally regard wood cultural relics and the body of earthen sites as a whole,pay attention to the role of environmental regulation while monitoring.Wooden cultural relics in earthen sites are often protected by underground hydrological environment control,surface humid environment construction,covering isolation,temperature and humidity control,etc..If necessary,in-situ Chemical reinforcement technology or the use of bacteriostatic agents are also allowed.In order to provide ideas and reference for the in situ preservation of wooden cultural relics in earthen sites in the future,we take different examples of preservation as the research object and expounds the current situation as well as prospects future of this field.What's more,we also pay attention to the relationship between protection and display.