基于上海村庄规划历程的规划方法变革思考

Thoughts on the Reform of Planning Method Based on the Evolution of Village Planning in Shanghai

乡村是上海稀缺的战略资源.不同于一般农村,作为超大城市的外围郊区,上海乡村是卓越的全球城市中生态功能、人文功能和创新功能的重要承载区.上海的村庄规划经历了从新农村建设到结合土地综合整治,再到村庄规划全覆盖的探索,规划理念不断成熟完善,但仍存在规划定位不清、产业策划缺位、空间把握不准等问题.基于上海乡村的发展特征和减量规划的总体要求,建议创新村庄规划“取势、明道、优术”的思路,即遵循超大城市外围化发展、乡村空间格局重塑的大趋势;寻找上海以镇带村,策划先行的村庄规划模式;充分挖掘闲置农房、村级公共服务设施等存量资源.同时,为提升规划的可实施性,在理念上村庄规划应体现对生态底线严“管”,对乡村振兴产业空间适度“放”活,并且长期“服”务乡村治理.

The rural area is a scarce strategic resource in Shanghai,and also an important bearing area of ecological,cultural,and innovative functions for the outstanding global city.Shanghai's rural planning has experienced several stages,from the construction of a new socialist countryside to the combination of land consolidation,and then to the exploration of full coverage of village planning.The planning concept has continuously been matured and improved,but there are still some problems,such as unclear planning positioning,absence of industrial planning,inaccurate space control.Based on the characteristics of rural development in Shanghai and the overall requirements of reduction of construction land,this paper proposes that village planning should follow the general trend of periphery development of mega-cities and reconstruction of rural spatial pattern,seek for the town-led village planning mode in Shanghai,and fully tap the stock resources of vacant farmhouses and village-level public service facilities.At the same time,in order to enhance the feasibility,village planning should reflect the planning concept of strict"management"of the ecological bottom line,moderate"lift the control"over industrial space for rural revitalization,and seek for long-term"sen^ice"for rural governance.