作为民法释义学独立范畴的法律行为效果——基于对法律行为的成立、生效、效果发生之区分的阐释

Completing the Theory of Juristic Act: Effect of Juristic Act as a Separate Category of Doctrine of Civil Law

法律行为是大陆法系经典民法皇冠上的明珠.然而,传统观点对法律行为的理解并不完整,这首先是因为传统观点通常使用“构成要件—生效前提”这一模型来把握法律行为,由此,忽视甚至遮蔽了在“生效范畴”之外还分化形成了一个独立的“效果范畴”.生效的法律行为无须立刻发生效果(如当附有延迟条件或开始期限时),法律行为的效果发生变动却不影响法律行为的生效,大量民法现象只有在这组区分的背景下才能获得正确理解.经过补完并修正的法律行为论由三大范畴构成,即“成立”、“生效”和“效果”(法律行为的三阶段论).可以期待的是,拥有百年历史、构成大陆法系经典民法基石的法律行为论至此将别开生面,向我们展示一条富有前景的发展新路.

Juristic act is the pearl in the crown of the classical civil law of the continental law system.However,the traditional view of juristic act is not complete,this is because traditional view usually uses model of "constituent elements-requirement for validity" to grasp the juristic act,therefore,it ignores and even obscures that there is a separate "effect category" in addition to the"validity category".A valid juristic act does not need to have effect immediately(by suspensive condition or start date),and a change in the effect of a juristic act does not influence the validity of the act,a large number of civil law phenomena can only be accurately understood in the context of this set of distinction.The theory of juristic act,which has been completed and amended,is composed of three categories,namely,"formation","validity" and "effect"("the three-stage theory of juristic act").What can be expected is that the theory of a juristic act,which has a history of more than 100 years and constitutes the cornerstone of the classical civil law of the continental law system,will open up a fresh outlook and show us a promising new way of development.