Current Practice and Protocols: Endoscopic Laser Therapy for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome

The pathophysiology of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS)is complex,and its understanding has evolved along with the evolution and revolution of fetal diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.Over the last few decades,several therapeutic interventions have been researched for improving the outcomes in TTTS.We present a summary of the current protocols for surveillance,diagnosis,and staging of TTTS in monochorionic pregnancies.We also describe in detail the technique for treatment of TTTS by endoscopic laser photocoagulation.