Updates in Long-term Maternal and Fetal Adverse Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is associated with long-term maternal and fetal adverse outcomes.Recent evidences suggest GDM increases long-term maternal cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease,and cancer risks.Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with offspring obesity,overweight,insulin resistance,and neurocognitive development.It remains unclear whether treating mild GDM would reduce long-term maternal and fetal adverse effects.