从"消灭私有制"看私有财产的是与非

Viewing the Right and Wrong of Private Property from the Aufhebung des Privateigentums

《共产党宣言》中所说的"消灭私有制"并不意味着要否定个体的私有财产.事实上,马克思对私有财产问题有深刻的思考:首先,马克思既要求保护所有者的私有财产又反对滥用这种保护;其次,为了防止这种滥用,马克思曾将私有财产视为人与人相异化的表现,并试图用"类本质"的理论来加以克服;最后,从《德意志意识形态》开始,马克思从生产和人与人之间的交往出发,以所有制的视角来探讨私有财产的成因.这不仅克服了"类本质"学说的局限,也继承了异化理论的思想资源,从而真正找到了私有财产的成因.

Aufhebung des Privateigentums mentioned in das Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei does not mean to deny individual private property.In fact,Marx has profound thinking on the issue of private property:first,Marx both demanded the protection of the owner’s private property and opposed the abuse of this protection;secondly,in order to prevent this abuse,Marx regarded private property as a expression of die Entfremdung des Menschen von dem Menschen and tried to solve it with the theory of Gattungswesen;thirdly,started from Diedeutscheldeologie,Marx based on the production and Verkehr between people,and in the perspective of Eigentum to explore the causes of private property.This not only overcome the limitations of the theory of Gattungswesen,but also inherited the ideological resources of the theory of Entfremdung,thus truly found the causes of private property.