马克思异化理论的另类解读——基于"历史本质性"的视域

Reinterpretation of Marx's Alienation Theory:Based on the Dimension of"Historische Essenz"

学界对马克思异化理论的关注从未间断,但该理论通常只被视为青年马克思的不成熟之作.海德格尔曾称赞马克思触及"历史本质性"维度,即一种有别于历史性维度而专注于呈现客观的历史现实的维度.根据这一维度,马克思的异化理论不仅是对黑格尔、费尔巴哈及赫斯的异化理论的批判性继承,并同时体现为"历史本质性"维度之于历史性维度的超越——异化理论已经深入客观存在的异化现实的历史之中.就这一点而言,马克思的异化理论与其后来的阶级理论及资本批判理论,或异化理论与唯物史观,因"历史本质性"维度而被内在贯通起来.

The academic research on Marx’s alienation theory has never stopped,but the theory is usually regarded as the immature work of young Marx.Heidegger once praised Marx for touching on the dimension of Historische Essenz,that is,a dimension which is different from the historical dimension and focuses on presenting objective historical reality.According to this dimension,Marx’s alienation theory is not just a critical inheritance of Hegel,Feuerbach’s and Hess’,but also embodied in the transcendence of Historische Essenz dimension to the historical dimension—The theory of alienation has penetrated into the history of objective reality of alienation.In this regard,Marx’s theory of alienation and his later class theory and capital criticism theory,or alienation theory and historical materialism,are internally connected due to the dimension of"Historische Essenz".