《史記》引今文《尚書》同義替换現象中的語義場變化分析

An Analysis of the Semantic Field Change in the Synonymous Replacement of Jin Wen Shang Shu(今文《尚書》)and Shi Ji(《史記》)

《史記》引用今文《尚書》會改换某些詞語,因此形成了使用具有同義關係的後起詞替换原詞的語言現象,實爲歷時層面上的詞彙替换.這種同義替换詞並不是孤立存在的,而是處在相互聯繋之中.以一個義位爲單位,使用現代語義學的理論對同義替换詞詞義的發展演變情況進行分析,觀察同義替换詞所在的語義場的變化情況,發現:從聚合關係上來看,同義替换會引起語義場内部成員的變動、成員義域的變化和跨語義場的變化,語義場内部成員的變動也會影響其成員義位的脱落;從組合關係上看,同義替换中的原詞和後起詞有著組合能力和使用頻率方面的差異.同義替换現象體現了詞彙面貌的歷時發展變化,並對詞彙系統内部的調整産生影響,是詞彙動態運動的重要體現.

Shi Ji(《史記》)refers to part of the original text of the Shang Shu(《尚書》)and changes some of the words,thus forming a linguistic phenomenon that replaces the original word with a follow-up word with a synonymous relationship,and it is actually a kind of lexical replacement on the diachronic level.This kind of synonymous substitutions does not exist in isolation,but in mutual connection.This paper uses the theory of modern semantics to analyze the development and evolution of the meaning of synonymous alternative words,and observes the change of the synonymous meaning field of the synonymous words in the unit of one sememe.Judging from the relationship of syndication,a synonymous substitution will cause changes in the members of the semantic field,changes in the members’s emantics,and changes in the semantic field.Changes in the internal members of the synonymous field will also affect the shedding of members’senses;from the perspective of combinatorial relations,there are differences in combining ability and frequency of use between the original word and the synonymous substitution.The phenomenon of synonymous substitution reflects the diachronic development and changes of vocabulary,and has an impact on the internal adjustment of the vocabulary system,which is an important embodiment of the dynamic movement of vocabulary.