道路交通系统碳排放量化方法探析

Research on Quantification of Carbon Emission in Road Transport System

为争取交通项目效益最大化,在规划阶段,明确以带动社会经济发展等为目的的交通基础设施效益评估是作为衡量项目价值的重要手段.新西兰政府于2021年2月发布《效益成本货币化手册》,作为选择最优交通方案的理论依据和数据基础,要求交通工程项目采用效益——成本评价法对项目的经济效益、社会效益及环境效益进行货币化评估.评价结果(效益-费用比)即为项目方案对社会经济提升效率的定量化表征.本文详细探析《效益成本货币化手册》中对道路交通的碳排放量化评估方法,以期为我国碳排放模型构建、交通碳排放负外部成本量化以及相关政策制定提供借鉴参考.

In order to maximize the benefits of transportation projects,in the planning stage,it is clear that the evaluation of transportation infrastructure benefits for the purpose of promoting social and economic development is a significant means to measure the value of the project.In 2021,the New Zealand government promulgated the"MONETISED BENEFITS AND COSTS MANUAL"(hereinafter referred to as the Manual),as the theoretical basis and data basis for selecting the optimal transport solution,requiring traffic projects to use the benefit-cost evaluation tool to monetize the economic,social and environmental benefits of the project.The result of the evaluation(benefit-cost ratio)is the quantitative representation of the project programme for socio-economic efficiency.This paper analyzes the quantitative assessment method of carbon emissions from road transport system in the manual in detail,in order to provide experience for the establishment of carbon emission models in China,the quantification of negative external costs of transport carbon emissions,and areteld policy formulation.