口腔癌患者照护需求及其影响因素

Nursing need of patients with oral cancer and its influencing factors

目的探讨口腔癌患者术后照护需求及其影响因素.方法选取口腔癌术后患者158例,采用头颈肿瘤患者需求调查表(PCI)对其术后照护需求进行调查.结果158例患者在出院后的照护需求上存在个体化差异,综合各条目的选择率范围在3.2%~87.3%.需求最高的10项为咀嚼/进食(87.3%)、惧怕癌症复发(87.3%)、口腔/牙齿健康(82.3%)、情绪(79.7%)、休闲娱乐(79.1%)、张口度(78.5%)、焦虑(77.8%)、活动参与度(77.2%)、语言/沟通(76.6%)、自尊(75.9%).农村地区、经济满意度低、气管切开、经胃管或胃造瘘管进食、语言沟通不良、复发、目前处于放化疗状态的患者的照护需求较强烈.结论口腔癌患者术后出院后存在较强的照护需求,且呈现个体化差异.系统性地评估可帮助临床医护人员了解患者照护需求,有预见性地为患者提供各项照护和帮助,提高其生活质量.

Objective To explore postoperative nursing need of patients with oral cancer and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 158 patients with oral cancer after operation were selected and conducted with Patient’s Concern Inventory(PCI)of head and neck neoplasm for investigation of postoperative nursing need.Results The result revealed that 158 patients had individualized differences in nursing need after discharge,and the selection rate based on comprehensive analysis ranged from 3.2%to 87.3%.The top 10 concerns in demand were chewing/eating(87.3%),fear of cancer reoccurrence(87.3%),dental/teeth health(82.3%),mood(79.7%),recreation(79.1%),mouth opening degree(78.5%),anxiety(77.8%),activity participation(77.2%),language/communication(76.7%)and self-respect(75.9%).Patients living in rural areas and with low satisfaction degree to economic,tracheotomy,feeding through gastric tube or gastrostomy tube,poor language communication,cancer reoccurrence,and radiotherapy and chemotherapy at present had stronger demands for nursing.Conclusion There are strong demands of nursing needs in patients with oral cancer after discharge,and the demands show individualized differences.Systematic evaluation can help clinical doctors and nurses to understand patients’nursing needs,and provide various kinds of nursing and help patients in a predictable way in order to improve quality of life.