段玉裁字詞關係思想解析

An Analysis of Duan Yucai's Thought of the Relations between the Chinese Characters and Words

段玉裁字詞關係思想包括:在字、詞概念上,詞是兼包虚、實語言單位的外部形式;字則旣用於指稱書寫形式,又指形音義的結合體."六書"理論上,"象形"與"指事"的區别是,象形專指一物,指事是對眾多事物特點的概括;"假借"是一字記錄數詞或數義現象,包括記錄同音字和引申義,還可根據是否有本字分爲"本無其字"和"旣有其字"的假借.字詞對應關係上,"某行某廢"用來闡釋詞語的社會用字及變化現象,不同於文獻訓詁對同詞字際關係的溝通,更具理論意義;對引申義和假借義的訓釋,充分展示了一字對應數詞或數義的字用現象.

Duan Yucai’s thought of the relations between the Chinese characters and words includes;About the concept of the Chinese characters and the words,the word is an external form that includes both functional words and content words;the Chinese characters are used not only to refer to writing forms,but also to refer to the combination of shapes,sounds and meanings.About the theory of"Six Shu",the difference between the"Xiangxing"and the"Zhishi"is that"Xiangxing"refers to one thing,and the"Zhishi"is a summary of the characteristics of many things;"Jiajie"is a phenomenon of recording more than one words or meanings in a Chinese character,including recording homophones and extended meanings.It can also be divided into"having the original characters"and"not having the original characters".About the relation between the Chinese characters and words,the"A was employed and B was wasted"is used to explain the use and change of the characters in the society,which is different from communicating the inter-characters relationship of the same word of critical interpretation of ancient texts,and it has more theoretical significance;The explanation of the extended meaning and the borrowed meaning fully demonstrates the phenomenon that one characters record more than one words or meanings.