由吉昌契約文書中的别字現象管窺200多年來貴州安順方音的演變

The Evolution of Anshun Dialect in Guizhou Province over the Past 200 Years Reflected in the Phenomenon of Interchangeability in the Contract Documents of Jichang

吉昌契約文書中的别字現象爲我們管窺200多年來貴州安順方音的歷史演變提供了重要語料.通過分析别字現象可知,尖團音合流並不早於乾嘉時期,泥來母合流或許始於19世紀末20世紀初.此外,知莊章精四組聲母合流、中古戈魂等合口洪音字今讀開口呼、中古合口細音字今讀齊齒呼、-ŋ尾韻讀成-n尾韻、見系蟹攝二等韻尚未齶化、入聲尚未完全消失等諸多語音特徵爲梳理近代安順方音的歷史演變提供了文獻支撑.

The phenomenon of interchangeability in the contract documents of Jichang provides us an important corpus for us to observe the historical evolution of Anshun dialect in Guizhou province over the past 200 years.Through the analysis of the phenomenon,we can know that the confluence of Jian-Tuan pronunciation was not earlier than that of Qianlong and Jiaqing period,and the confluence of the initial consonants between Ni(泥)and Lai(來)probably began at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century.In addition,a lot of phonetic features provide literature support for sorting out the historical evolution of modern Anshun dialect,such as the confluence of the initial consonants of Zhi(知)Zhuang(莊)Zhang(章)and Jing(精)groups,some characters of Hekouhu belonging to the ancient Ge rhyme system and Hun rhyme system read as Kaikouhu,some medieval characters of Hekou and Xiyin read as Qichihu,-ŋ rhymes read as -n rhymes,the second-class rhymes of the initial consonants of Jian(見)group and the vowels of Xie(蟹)She(攝),the incomplete disappearing of the checked-tone.