古灯具名称与用字演变论考

A Brief Study on the Evolution of Ancient Lamps'Designations and Character Using

中国古代的灯具是从礼器"豆"分化而来的,目前最早的实物证据及文献记载见于战国时期.现有著录及近年出土的汉代青铜灯数量较多,其中多有带自名者.文章结合自名等材料梳理了历代灯具名称和记录字形的变化,发现无论是灯具名称还是记录字形都较为复杂:先后出现过{豆}{铺}{镫}{锭}{(釭)}等多个灯具名称,各名称又分别使用不同的字形记录.从具体的梳理分析中,可以看到实物形制、文本性质乃至行政力量对灯具名称变化及用字更替产生过重要影响.基于出土文献对名称{锭}的梳理,也可以修订旧有训释以及字典辞书中的不当之处.

The lamps in ancient China were differentiated from a sort of container named“dou(豆)”,the earliest physical evidence and documentary records are mainly concentrated in the Warring States period.This study reviews the evolution of ancient lamps'designations and character using in the past dynasties focused on bronze lamps in Han dynasty.The situation is complicated in both designations and character using.The designations of the lamps are“dou(豆)”“deng(镫)”“ding(锭)”“gang(钉)”etc.And each designation is recorded by different characters.The study found that the evolution of ancient lamps'designations and character using were influenced by artifacts'morphology,the nature of literature and even the administrative strength.The findings of the research on“ding(锭)”can also be used to correct mistakes in old explanations and dictionary entries.