汉壮语量词的几点句法及语义差异——兼论台语量词底层遗存说

Syntactic and Semantic Differences between Chinese and Zhuang Classifiers:With a Comment on the View of the Substrate Remains of Tai-language Classifiers

本文主要以台语中的壮语为例,讨论壮语量词与汉语方言量词的几点句法和语义差异:1)壮语不存在类似于汉语"个"的通用量词;2)汉壮语的"量-名"结构在指称及数特征上存在差异;3)汉壮语的量词作定语标记时,两者是否强制出现并不一致;4)汉壮语所谓的量词"词头"是句法还是构词层面的成分,也存在差异.据此,我们对游汝杰(1982)提出的"台语量词底层遗存说"持保留的观点.

Taking Zhuang of Tai-language as an example,this paper discusses the syntactic and semantic differences between Zhuang and Chinese dialects,and argues that(i)there is no universal classifier similar to Chinese“Ge”in Zhuang language;(ii)there are differences between the structure of“CL-N”in Zhuang and that in Chinese in terms of reference and number features;(iii)there is discrepancy between Zhuang and Chinese as to whether the classifiers as attributive markers are compulsory;and(iV)there are also distinctions between Zhuang and Chinese with regard to whether the so-called classifier“prefix”is a syntactic component or a word formation component.Therefore,we argue for an alternative to the view of substrate remains of Tai-language classifiers as put forward by You(1982).