從語體語法理論看上古反問型[何X之V]式

A Case Study of Rhetoric[he何Xzhi之V]Constructions from Stylistic-Register Grammar Perspective

本文主要分析上古時期的反問型[何X之V]式,根據語體語法理論來解釋與其相關的兩個謎題:1.在上古時期何以僅分布在議論段落中;2.在年代較晚的《鹽鐵論》《論衡》中何以反而多於年代較早的《史記》.基於馮利(1994)、Feng(1996)、陳遠秀(2017、2020)等相關研究,在句法、韻律分析基礎上,本文提出,反問型[何X之V]式是一類[+正式]的句法語距形式,爲言者用於表達觀點、説服聽者的關鍵句,其分布有限、演變反復正是由其語體屬性所決定的.這一案例分析證明了語體語法理論中體原子分析法的解釋效力,同時也證明了上古時期反問句與設問句語法、語體、演變截然有别,不可混而言之.

Based on Registlossic grammar,this paper focused on explaining two questions about the rhetoric[he X zhi V]constructions in Archaic Chinese.Firstly,what licensed their limited distribution?Secondly,why did they appear more in Yantielun and Lunheng than Shiji,while the age of Shiji was earlier than Lunheng?According to the relevant research of Feng(1994,1996),Chan Yuen Sau(2017,2020)and so on,and on the foundation of syntactic and prosodic analysis,this paper proposed that rhetoric[he X zhi V]constructions were[+formal]linguistic-distance forms,which were key sentences used by speakers to express their views and convince listeners.It was their register characteristics that determined their limited distribution and circuitous development.This case study showed the effectiveness of register atomic method,and meantime argued the rhetoric questions and interrogative sentences were quite different in syntax structures,and diachronic change.