Relationship between nap and hypertension in adults: An updated meta-analysis

Objective:We aimed to investigate whether nap is associated with an increased risk of hypertension through a comprehensive meta-analysis.Methods:Literature retrieval,research selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate.Effect-size estimates are expressed as risk ratio(RR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Summary data from 13 articles,involving a total of 119501 adults,were meta-analyzed.The overall analysis showed that in the included articles,when the factors were not adjusted,there was a significant association between nap and hypertension(RR=1.11,95%CI:1.02 to 1.21,P=0.013).After adjusting the possible confounding factors,nap was still correlated with hypertension(RR=1.07,95%CI:1.01 to 1.14,P=0.041).In the subgroup analysis,there was a significant association between nap and hypertension in women(RR=1.13,95%CI:1.04 to 1.22,P=0.004),but this relationship was not recurred in men.And there was a significant association between nap and hypertension in people 45 years old(RR=1.16,95%CI:1.08 to 1.24,P<0.001).In the dose analysis,it was found that there was a significant association between high blood pressure and the population with nap duration 90 minutes(RR=1.13,95%CI:1.01 to 1.27,P=0.04).Conclusion:Our meta-analysis results show that nap is a risk factor for hypertension,which is more obvious in women,and the difference is statistically significant.In the elderly people,nap is a protective factor for hypertension.